Guide to Using the Panasonic HDC-TM900

Guide to Using the Panasonic HDC-TM900

Guide to Using the Panasonic HDC-TM900
This is a © Copyrighted  Blog, pictures and information from Canon and Campbell Cameras and should not be used without their permission, by email Johanna@Campbelloutdoorchallenge.com, by phone: 618-382-7939 or by mail: 
Campbell Cameras
Attn: Johanna Campbell
1327 Co. Rd. 800 N.
Carmi, IL 62821
Everything written in RED are KEY things that you should remember and pay extra attention too. 
Everything written in BLUE are ways to use the camera for hunting situations, learning material, and/or recommendations by Johanna.
If you have any questions about this blog, camera, or anything else feel free to comment below or contact us using the information provided above.




Looking for true HD (1920x1080 60p) in an affordable compact camera to capture those amazing outdoor moments? The Panasonic HDC-TM900 is the answer. This little camera (under 1 pound) has 32GB of internal flash memory capable of recording up to two hours at 1080/60p. This is possible because of its three ¼ inch CMOS processors, unheard of in a compact camera. The 46mm lens and 12x zoom give you sharp full images. The TM900s focus ring rivals that of professional cameras and a full-size cold shoe makes adding accessories a breeze. More info here.


Guide:


Power Supply:
Batteries that work with this camera: VW-VBN130 and VW-VBN260.
How to insert the battery:

A) Insert the battery until it clicks and locks.














Removing the battery: ***Make sure that the camera is powered off***

A) Move the battery release lever in the direction indicated by the arrow and remove the battery when unlocked.












Charging the battery: ***Battery is not charged when you purchase the camera, make sure to charge the battery completely before the first use***
1) Connect the AC adaptor to the DC input terminal.
2) Connect the AC cable to the AC adaptor, then the AC outlet.
The red light will turn off when charging is complete

Charging and Recording Time:

Panasonic HDC-TM900
Battery Model Number	Charging Time	Recordind Mode	Maximum Continuous Recordable Time	Actual Recordable Time
Supplied Battery/ VW-VBN130	2 hours 30 min	1080/60p	1 hour 30 min	55 min
		HA	1 hour 35 min
		HG, HX, HE	1 hour 35 min	1 hour
		iFrame	1 hour 40 min	1 hour
VW-VBN260 (optional)	4 hours 30 min	1080/60p	2 hours 55 min	1 hour 45 min
		HA	3 hours 5 min
		HG, HX, HE	3 hours 10 min	1 hour 55 min
		iFrame	3 hours 15 min	2 hours

Turning the Camera ON/OFF:

Press the Power button to turn on the camera.

To turn off the camera you hold down the power button until the status indicator goes off.

Turning the Camera on/off with the LCD monitor/Viewfinder:

Opening the LCD monitor or extending the viewfinder turns on the camera. Closing the LCD monitor/viewfinder turns off the camera.

Selecting a Camera Mode:

Change the mode to recording, photo capture, or playback.

Operate the Mode Switch to change the mode to Motion picture recording mode, still picture recording mode, and playback mode.

How to use the Touch Screen:

You can operate by directly touching the LCD screen with your finder. It is easier to use the stylus pen (supplied for detailed operation or it is hard to operate with your fingers. 

Touch:

• Touch and release the touch scree to select icon or picture

• Touch the center of the icon.

• Touching the touch screen will not operate while you are touching another part of the screen.

Slide while touching: Move your finger while pressing on the touch screen. 

To display the Touch Menu:

The touch menu will disappear when no function is performed for a specific period of time. During recording more. To display it again touch the left and right arrow button.

Recording to a Card:

You can use SD cards, the built-in memory or HDD to record still images and video. You can use SD, SDHC, SDXC memory cards with this unit. 

Campbell Cameras recommend that you use at least a Class 6 card or higher when recording HD. We also don't recommend using lower than a 32gb Class 6 Card.

Inserting/Removing SD Card:

***Never insert or remove an SD card while the camera is turned on***

1) Open the LCD monitor.

2) Open the SD card/terminal cover and insert (remove) the SD card into (from) the card slot. 

3) Securely close the SD card/terminal cover.

Access Lamp A: When this camera is accessing the SD card or built-in memory, the access lamp lights up. Never Remove or insert SD card while this light is on.

Formatting Media:

***When you Format an SD/SDHC/SDXC card all of the data recorded on the medium will be erased and cannot be restored. Back up important files on your computer or an external hard drive.***

When to format your card/Internal Memory:

1) When it is a new card, before recording to the card.

2) After you have transferred all your files and stored them on your computer or an external hard drive and you want to use the same card to record more videos.

How to Format your SD Card/ Internal Memory:

1) Press the A/Manual button to bring up the Menu 

2) Touch [MENU] on the LCD Touch Screen.

3) Touch [SETUP] on the LCD Touch Screen.

4) Use Bottom Down Arrow to scroll to the 6/7 page and touch [FORMAT MEDIA]

5) Select either the Internal Memory or the SD Card, whichever one you want to format.

6) It will pop up a screen to make sure that you want to do this, if you do select [YES] and it will format your card. 

Selecting a Media to Record (internal or SD card)

1) Touch the Left and Right Arrows on the LCD Touch Screen to bring up the [MENU] button. 

2) Touch the [MENU] Button

3) Touch the [RECORD SETUP]

4) Touch the Media to record motion pictures or still pictures (the one selected is highlighted in yellow)

5) Touch [ENTER]

Relay Record Function

This allows you to continuously record video to an SD card when there is no space available in the built-in memory. 

• Set [MEDIA SELECT] to [BUILT-IN MEDIA]

• Insert SD Card

1) Touch [MENU] 

2) Touch [RECORD SETUP]

3) Touch [RELAY REC]

4) Touch [ON]

•  is displayed on the screen. When it disappears, it means that the space in the built-in memory is going and the recording to the SD card starts.

Recording Videos:

1) Change the mode to Video

2) Open the LCD monitor or extend the viewfinder to turn the camera on.

3) Press the recording start/stop button to start recording.

4) Press the recording start/stop button again to pause.

5) Screen indications in the Video Recording mode:

A- Recording Mode

B- Recording Time Elapsed- Each time the unit is put into recording pause, the counter displays will be reset to 0h00m00s.

C- Approximate remaining recordable time. (when the remaining time is less than 1 minute, R0h00m flashes red.

• Screen display will disappear when no function is performed for a specific period of time. To display it again, touch the screen. (it will not display when AF/AE tracking is used).

Recording Modes:

There are 3 recording formats that can be used with this camera: AVCHD that records high-definition motion pictures, 1080/60p that records motion pictures in maximum quality for this camera and iFrame that records motion pictures suitable for playback and editing on Mac (iMovie'12). 

Recording Time		[1080/60p]	[HA]	[HG]	[HX]	[HE]	[iFrame]
Picture Size		1920 x 1080	1920 x 1080	1920 x 1080	1920 x 1080	1920 x 1080	960 x540
SD Card	32 GB	2 hrs 40 min	4 hrs	5 hrs 20 min	8 hrs 20 min	13 hrs 20 min	2 hrs 40 min
	64 GB	5 hrs 20 min	8 hrs 30 min	11 hrs	16 hrs 50 min	27 hrs 30 min	5 hrs 20 min
Built-in Memory- 32GB		2 hrs 40 min	4 hrs 10 min	5 hrs 30 min	8 hrs 20 min	13 hrs 40 min	2 hrs 40 min
HDD (optional)- 220GB		18 hrs 30 min	29 hrs	37 hrs 30 min	57 hrs 30 min	94 hrs	18 hrs 30 min.

How to switch recording modes:

1) Touch the left and right arrows on the LCD Touch Screen to bring up the [MENU] button.

2) Touch the [MENU] button.

3) Touch the [RECORD SETUP] button

4) Touch the [REC Mode] button

5) Select the desired setting.

5) Touch [EXIT]

1080/60p Recording:

This is a 1080/60p (1920 x 1080/60 progressive) recording mode that can record in maximum quality of this camera. 

***USE THIS IF YOU WANT TO RECORD IN THE HIGHEST QUALITY***

Intelligent Auto Mode: 

The following modes (appropriate for the condition) are set just by:

1) Pressing the [iA/MANUAL] button on the top of the camera until the [iA] appears on the LCD Touch Screen.

2) Point the camera to what you are recording and the intelligent auto scene is automatically selected.

***When filming most hunts, you will not want to record using the intelligent auto mode because it will auto focus for you. This means that it will focus on the three limb that it is in front of the deer instead of focusing on the deer itself. You will want to use manual mode for that***

Turning on the Quick Power On feature:

The camera is put into recording pause approx. 1 second when the unit is turned on. This will allow you to turn your camera on really fast and press record when an animal approaches.

1) Touch the [MENU] button

2) Touch the [Settings] button

3) Scroll through the pages until you get to page 2/7 and touch [QUICK POWER ON]

4) Set to [ON]

Turning on the Quick Start Function:

This camera is put into recording pause approx. 0.6 seconds after the LCD monitor is reopened or the viewfinder is extended. This will allow you to take your camera from standby to on in 0.6 seconds, allowing you to press record fast when an animal approaches.

• When in Quick start standby mode, about 80% of the power used in Recording pause mode is being consumed, so the recording time will be reduced.

• Quick start will not work if the [SD CARD] is selected in the [MEDIA SELECT], even if there is no SD card inserted.

1) Touch the [MENU] button

2) Touch the [Settings] button

3) Scroll through the pages until you get to page 2/7 and touch [QUICK START]

4) Set to [ON]

Turning OFF all Alert Sounds

1) Touch the [MENU] button

2) Touch the [Settings] button

3) Scroll through the pages until you get to page 3/7 and touch [ALERT SOUND]

4) Set to [OFF]

Zoom in/out function:

Zoom lever/Zoom Buttons

T side: Close-up recording (zoom in)

W side: Wide-angle recording (zoom out)

• Maximum zoom magnification can be set with [ZOOM MODE], it is default set at the optical zoom at 12x. For best picture quality always have this has your maximum zoom magnification.

About the Zoom Speed: 

The zoom speed will be faster in this order: 

1) zoom lever/ring zoom 

2) zoom button/zoom button on the remote control 

3) touch zoom

• The zoom speed varies depending on the range over which the zoom lever is moved or the speed to rotate the ring.

• The zoom operation using the zoom button, zoom button on the remote control or touch zoom will be performed at a constant speed.

Ring Zoom:

Zoom operation can be done using the multi manual ring.

You rotate the lens clockwise to zoom in and counter-clockwise to zoom out.

Image Stabilizer Function

Use the image stabilizer to reduce the effects of shake during recording. This camera is equipped with Hybrid Optical Image Stabilizer. 

Recording with Touch Function

You can control some of the camera's functions by the LCD Touch Screen.

1) Touch the left / right arrows on the Touch Menu to display Touch Function Icons 

Touch Function Icons:

Touch Zoom:

You can zoom by touching on the touch zoom bar.

1) Touch the [zoom icon] and the touch zoom bar will appear (it will disappear when no function is performed after a while, to get it back touch the screen)

2) You can either touch the zoom bar in a specific area to zoom to that amount or you can slide to the T to zoom in and the W to zoom out.

AF/AE Tracking

It is possible to set the focus and exposure to the subject specified on the touch screen. The focus and exposure will keep following the person or the animal automatically even if it moves. 

1) Touch the Tracking Icon

2) Touch the person, animal or object and lock the target.

• When you touch the head of the object, the target frame on the head gets locked and tracking starts.

• Touch the object to be changed again when you want to change the target.

3) Start recording. 

***This function can not be used in manual mode. It will not track objects when the scene is dark, or it has the same color as the background. It will be canceled and turned off whenever the camera is turned off or switched modes. ***

Time Lapse Mode

A scene that moves slowly for a long period of time is recorded frame by frame with an interval, and is recorded as a short time motion picture. A frame recorded with a set recording interval. 30 frames will make up motion picture of 1 second.

1) Touch [MENU]

2) Touch [RECORD SETUP]

3) Touch [TIME LAPSE REC]

4) Touch desired setting.

Setup Example	Setup Time (Recording Interval)	Recording Time	Recored Time
Sunset	1s	Approx. 1 hr	Approx. 2 min.
Blooming	30s	Approx. 3 hrs	Approx. 12 secs.

***Audio is not recorded in Time Lapse Mode***

Example Video of Time Lapse done in Time Lapse Mode

AUDIO


Mic Setup:
Recording setting of the built-in microphone can be adjusted. 
• Switch camera to manual mode.
1) Touch [MENU]
2) Touch [RECORD SETUP]
3) Touch [MIC SETUP]
4) Touch [Desired Setting]

***If you wish to record better sound and maintain realism even when zooming in, we recommend setting [MIC SETUP] to [SURROUND], if you are not using an external microphone***
*** If you have an external microphone connected when recording in [iFrame]. [MIC SETUP] is set to [Stereo Mic] automatically ***

Adjusting the Mic Level
When recording, the input level from the built-in microphone and the external microphone terminal can be adjusted.
• Switch to [MANUAL] Mode
1) Touch [MENU]
2) Touch [RECORD SETUP]
3) Touch [MIC LEVEL]
4) Select desired setting

• When [SET +AGC] is selected, Touch the left and right arrows to adjust the microphone levels.
*** Adjust the microphone input level so that the last 2 bars of the gain value are not red. Otherwise you sound will be distorted. Select a lower setting for microphone input level.
• Touch [ENTER] to set the microphone input level and then touch [EXIT]










MANUAL MODE FUNCTIONS
Press the iA/MANUAL button or Camera Function button to switch to Manual Mode.
* MNL appears on the screen to let you know you are in manual mode.

Adjusting White Balance

Automatic white balance function will not give you natural colors depending on the scenes and lighting conditions, therefore we recommend adjusting the white balance manually.

(while in manual mode)

1) Touch [WB]

2) Select Manual adjustment mode icon that looks like a flower

3) Fill the screen with a white subject (piece of paper, anything pure white)
4) Touch and set the blinking icon
*** The setting is complete when the screen turns black and the icon stops flashing.***

*** Remember to re-set your white balance every time you change a location or your lighting changes!***

Manual Shutter Speed

Adjust it when recording fast-moving objects

(while in manual mode)

1) Touch [SHTR]

2) Touch the left and right arrows to adjust settings.

Shutter Speed 1/60 tot 1/8000

***The closer to 1/8000 the faster the shutter is. It is always recommended to use some kind of stabling device at all times but it is particularly important when you lower the shutter speed to have the camera on a tripod or other support. ***

Manual Adjusting the Iris

Adjust the iris when the screen is too bright or too dark. A good tool when manually adjusting your iris, is the Zebra function. Parts where white saturation is likely to occur (extremely bright lit or shiny parts) are displayed with diagonal lines (zebra patterns).

Turn on the Zebra Function:

1) Touch [MENU]

2) Touch [RECORD SETUP]

3) Touch [ZEBRA]

4) Touch [ON]

***The Zebra patterns do not record***

Manually Adjust the Iris:

1) Touch [IRIS]

2) Touch the left and right arrows to adjust settings.

Iris/Gain value:

F16 to F1.7 (F16 is closer to closed lens and F1.7 is opening it all the way up) 

0db to 18db - value closer to 18db brightens an image but makes it have a grainy look.

Recording with Manual Focus

***You want to record using manual focus, because this allows you to focus in on the deer in the shot instead of the tree limb in front of it***

Perform focus adjustments using the Manual Ring:

(While in manual mode) use the manual ring to adjust the focus.

Using Focus Assist:

1) Touch [MENU] 

2) Touch [RECORD SETUP]

3) Touch [MF ASSIST]

4) Touch [ON]

While you rotate the manual ring the in-focus area is displayed in blue. The normal screen returns approximately 2 seconds after you finish bringing the subject into focus.

Guide to Using the Canon HFS30, HFS20, HFS200, and HFS21

Canon HFS Series Camcorder Basic Operations
The camera used in this guide is the Canon HFS20. It is basically the same for the Canon HFS200, HFS21, and HFS30

Using the Touch Screen
The LCD screens on the Canon HFS series of cameras are touch screen activated. To access all the options you touch the "FUNC." to bring up the list of functions. To scroll through the options you swipe your finger up and down or left and right across the screen to scroll menus, to browse through index screen pages or to adjust slider controls (ex. volume).
* You must press firmly when using touch operations
* The touch screen will not function properly when you are operating the touch screen with wet or gloved hands or using your fingernails or other hard-tipped objects. It will not function if you apply excessive force or forcefully scratching the screen
* The screen will also not work if you apply a screen protector on top of the touch screen.

To access the "Photo" mode you touch the Camera Icon at the bottom right corner of the screen. This will then take you into the Photo capturing mode. To return to video mode you touch the Video icon in the bottom right corner of the screen.


Setting up the Record Method
Each of the Canon HFS series camcorders have 2 SD card slots (located on the left side of the camera once the LCD screen is out). The Canon HFS 20 and the Canon HFS 21 have internal memory as well as the 2 SD card slots. The memory cards that are recommended for these cameras are Class 6 SDHC memory cards. When inserting and removing SD Cards make sure that the camcorder is turned OFF. To open the SD card slot you simply slide the cover to the right. When inserting the SD cards make sure that the label is facing the front of the camcorder. Push the memory card once to release it.
To set up where your want your media to be recorded to you access the "FUNC" > "MENU" > 2nd tab (looks like a film reel with a box behind it) > either "Rec Media for Movies" of "Rec Media for Photos"  You now have the option to set where you want your Video or Photos to be recorded. Slot "A" or "B". If you have the Canon HFS 20 or the HFS 21 you have the option of storing your media on the internal memory as well. If you are using your video camera to take both video and pictures, I would recommend setting your Videos to record to SD card slot "A" and then under the photo mode to set your photos to record to slot "B". This is an easy way to access your different files. To set where you want your Photos to be stored you follow this same step but in the "Photo" mode. The Canon HFS series of cameras have what is called "Relay Recording". You can activate the relay recording so that if the memory you are using becomes full while recording movies, the recording will continue uninterrupted on a memory card. To set this feature up you follow the steps above and just touch the "Relay Recording" button so that it is highlighted.

Standby Mode
The Canon HFS series of camcorders has a standby function that you enter by closing the LCD Screen. The camera will then use 1/3 the power it uses while recording. Additionally, when you open the LCD panel or pull out the viewfinder(HFS21 only) the camcorder is ready to start recording in approximately 1 second, allowing you to record your hunt right away!
When you are in recording mode, close the LCD screen and the green indicator light will turn to orange to indicate that you are in standby mode.

Zooming
There are 3 different ways that you can zoom in and out: using the zoom lever on the camcorder, using a remote control, and using the touch screen. The Canon HFS series of camcorders include a 10x optical zoom. It also includes a 200x digital zoom. I would never used the digital zoom because it will cause your image to appear pixilated(dots).

Zooming on the Camcorder or a remote: using the zoom lever you can zoom out by moving the lever to the left and zoom in moving the lever to the right. To zoom in fast or zoom out fast press firmly on the left or right side. To zoom in or out slower press lightly on the left or right side.
Zooming on the Touch Screen: to access the zoom function on the touch screen your touch "FUNC" > "Zoom" then the "Zoom T and Zoom W" appear on the screen. You touch anywhere in the "T" zone to zoom in and anywhere in the "W" zone to zoom out.
You can also manually set the zoom speed by accessing the "FUNC" > "Menu" > "Zoom Speed" (3 is the fastest; 1 is the slowest) 

Manual Mode
Manual mode is important to use when out in the field because the camera will want to focus on what is in the front of the lens, therefore if you have tree branches in front of the deer the  camera will want to focus on the limbs instead of the deer.
To enter Manual Mode (M) you set the "Mode Switch" to "M"

Selecting the Video Quality
The HFS series camcorders offers 5 recording modes. Changing the recording mores will change the recording time available on the memory cards. Select "MXP" or "FXP" for better movie quality; select "LP" for long recording times. "MXP" and "FXP" will record in 1920 x 1080. "MXP" records 24mbps and "FXP" records 17mbps. The difference is that the "MXP" higher bitrate means not as lossy, and generally better quality. The default Recording Mode Setting is "SP"

To select your video quality touch "FUNC" > "MENU" > "Recording Mode" > "Desired Recording Mode"

Image Stabilization Modes
The image stabilizer reduces camcorder blur (do to movement of the camcorder) so you can get nice, stable shots. There are three different modes to choose depending on the shooting conditions.
Dynamic (Hand shake symbol with a D in the right corner) - Compensates for higher degree of camcorder shake, such as when shooting while walking, and is more effective as the zoom approaches full wide angle (W)
Standard (Hand shake symbol) (Hand shake symbol with ON) - Compensates for a lower degree of camcorder shake, such as when shooting while remaining stationary, and is suitable for shooting natural-looking scenes. Use this setting when recording movies with the optional Wide-conver or Tele-converter lenses.
Off (Hand shake symbol with OFF) - Use this setting when the camcorder is mounted on a tripod, monopod, boatpod, or treearm

Powered IS
When shooting video, you can used the Powered IS button (located on the bottom left side off the LCD viewfinder) to make the image stabilization even more powerful. Powered IS is most effective when you are stationary and zooming in on far subjects using high zoom ratios. Holding the LCD panel with your left hand will add to the stability of the shot. To activate the Powered IS  you press and hold the Powered IS button as long as you want it activated. The hand shake symbol with a P will show up yellow on the LCD screen to let you know that it is activated.

Pre-Recording
The Canon HFS series models have a function that is called "Pre-Recording," which allows the camera to record 3 seconds before you actually press the record button. What this does is records 3 seconds of clips in a loop until you press the record button. This is a great feature to use when you don't want to miss recording opportunities and is especially useful in hunting situations when it is difficult to predict when you need to start recording.
To turn on Pre-Recording touch the "FUNC" > "Pre REC" > ON> X to exit
This feature will be deactivated if you leave the camera without any action for 5 min. or more or when you are in or coming out of standby mode.


Touch and Track
When recording people, face detection will track the main subject and adjust the optimal settings. But, also when recording other moving subjects such as deer or any other animal, you can use Touch and Track to keep your subject in focus and achieve the best results.
To use this feature you must have the "Face Detection" set to on. To do this you touch the "FUNC" > "MENU" > "FACE DETECTION" > "ON". To track an animal or another moving object you will then touch the screen where that object is located and it will put a white double frame box around that object and it will track it and keep it in focus while it is on the screen. You can cancel this track by pressing the cancel button. This is a great feature to use when you want to keep your animal in focus, especially while in the woods where the tree branches could get in your way.

Peaking
Peaking can help you achieve correct focus when focusing manually. While peaking is activated, the outlines of subjects that are properly in focus are emphasized and shown in color. You can use the black and white setting to create an even stronger contrast, making it even easier to verify if the subject is in focus.

Black & White with Blue Peaking

To access the Peaking Function touch "FUNC" > "FOCUS" > "PEAK" - this will show color peaking on your LCD screen. To change the LCD screen to black & white mode you click on the "Wrench symbol" and you can turn "Black & White" on and then change the peaking colors to "Red", "Blue", or "Yellow"

Black & White with Red Peaking

Manually set the Shutter Speed and Aperture

Shutter Speed from Wikipedia

"FUNC" > "REC Programs" > "TV Shutter-Pri. AE" or "AV Aperture-PRI. AE" > Drag your finger left and right along the dial to set the desired shutter speed (TV) or aperture value (AV)


P Programmed AE - The camcorder automatically adjusts the aperture and shutter speed to obtain the optimal exposure for the subject
TV Shutter-Pri. AE - Set the shutter speed value. The camcorder automatically sets the appropriate aperture value
AV APerture-Pri. AE - Set the aperture value. The camcorder automatically sets the appropriate aperture value.

Shutter Speed is used to discuss exposure time, the effective length of time a camera's shutter is open. The total exposure is proportional to this exposure time, or duration of light reaching the film or image sensor (Wikipedia)
• With a slower shutter speed you can add a nice motion blur and sense of movement
• With a faster shutter speed you can "freeze the action" for powerful images or moving subjects.
To adjust the shutter speed you use the TV Shutter-Pri. AE under the "REC Programs"

Slow Shutter Speed
(Photo Composition Articles)

Aperture stop of a photographic lens can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or image sensor. In combination with variation of shutter speed, the aperture size will regulate the film's or image sensor's degree of exposure to light. Typically, a fast shutter speed will require a larger aperture to ensure sufficient light exposure, and a slow shutter speed will require a smaller aperture to avoid excessive exposure. In general, the smaller the aperture (larger the number), the greater the distance from the plane of focus. (Wikipedia) 

• With small aperture values only the subject is in focus and the background is softly blurred. Great for portraits or to isolate a single object.

• With large aperture values every part of the image is clearly in focus. Good for lansdapes and architectural shots.The lower the F stop the more light that the lens can pick up (better in low-light situations)

To adjust the Aperture you use the "AV APerture-Pri. AE" under the "REC Programs"

Large Aperture
Photo from SLR Photography Guide

Small Aperture
Photo from African Freak 

Using the Zebra Pattern

You can use the zebra pattern to identify areas that might be overexposed, so you can correct the exposure appropriately. The camcorder offers two levels of zebra pattern. The symbol is a zebra pattern with a 100 for 100% or a 70 for 70%. The 100% shows only areas that will lose detail and will be identified by the highlighted areas. On 70% zebra the highlighted areas will also identify areas that are dangerously close to losing detail. More about Zebra Patterns Here

The zebra highlighted patterns will show up on the LCD screen and will not be recorded. To show these zebra patterns you touch "FUNC" > "EXPOSURE" > wrench symbol > then choose "70%" or "100%"

Manual Exposure Adjustment
After you have your zebra patterns on your LCD screen, you can choose to manually fix the exposure if the zebra patterns are on your subject. Your subjects can appear too dark (underexposed) or too bright or glaring (overexposed).
To adjust the exposure manually, I recommend first setting the zebra patterns at 70% or 100%, so that you have a visual of the overexposed places in your shot. Once your have set your zebra pattern you can adjust the exposure on that screen by touching anything in the +/- frame. The white X symbol will flash and the exposure will be adjusted automatically. You can also adjust the exposure manually by touching the "M" button and use the manual adjustment dial. To return to automatic exposure you simply touch the "M" button again.

Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 
When recording around sunrise and sunset or other dark situations, the camcorder will automatically increase the gain to try to get a brighter picture. However, using higher gain values may result in more noticeable video noise (image looks pixilated or dotty). You can select the AGC limit to curb the amount of noise by setting the maximum gain value to be used. The smaller the AGC limit, the picture will be darker but will have less the noise. The standard for Broadcast Standards is not to exceed 12db of gain. 
To activate a Automatic Gain Control (AGC) touch "FUNC" > "AGC" > "M" for manual > Then use your finger to drag the dial to set it to the limit

White Balance

The White Balance function helps you to accurately reproduce colors under different lighting conditions so that white objects will always look truly white in your recordings.

To access White Balance options touch "FUNC" > "WB" (white balance)

The best way to set up white balance is to use a White Card, a piece of white paper or anything that is solid white. 

To set the custom white balance ("Custom WB") you point the camcorder at the white object, so that it fills the whole screen, and touch "Set WB" 

There are different options that you can select as well:

"AWB" Automatic- The camcorder automatically sets the white balance for natural looking colors

Daylight - To record outdoors on a bright day

A good scene to use "Daylight"

Shade - To record in shaded places 

Cloudy - To record on a cloudy day

The Cloudy (shown on left) Warms the hands up compared to Auto WB on right

Fluorescent - To record under warm white, cool white or warm-white-type fluorescent lighting

Auto WB(right) can't correct fluorescent illumination. That is what the Fluorescent does (left).  *Notice the white sheet in the left and how it is yellow in the right.

Fluorescent H - To record under daylight or daylight-type fluorescent lighting

Tungsten - To record under tungsten and tungsten-type fluorescent lighting.

Custom WB- Use the custom white balance setting to make white subjects appear white under colored lighting.

Custom White Balance

Auto White Balance

• When using custom WB - reset the white balance when you change locations or the light source or other conditions change.

For best results, rely on the Custom WB. A good way to set this up is when you first get to your hunting location to set the white balance right then and there and it will stay the same if you go into standby or power off.






















Managing the Audio Levels
Another important aspect to take into consideration while filming is your audio levels (the levels of audio that is being recorded). You can manually adjust the audio levels which will revile the audio meter. I would recommend leaving the audio meter on while filming so that you can keep track of the audio level. This will indicate when the audio is getting distorted (in the red zone close to 0db) 
To open the manual audio adjustments screen touch "FUNC" > "MIC. Level" > M (Manual)
• The audio level indicator and current audio recording level will appear on the screen
• Touch "A Automatic" to return the camcorder to automatic recording levels.
• Use the left and right arrows to manually adjust the audio level
• Touch the "X" to lock the audio recording level at the current level.
To display the audio meter while the audio levels are adjusted automatically touch "FUNC" > "Mic. Level" > A Automatic > Audio Level Indicator
I recommend using headphones to check the sound level. You can do this while in Manual or Auto mode. It is recommended to use during manual mode while you are adjusting the audio recording level. 
*** Using Headphones ***
The headphone jack (located behind the LCD on the camera) is used both as a headphone jack and a AV OUT jack. 
To be able to use the headphones you must activate that port for headphones.
To activate the headphones touch "FUNC" > MENU > Wrench symbol (3rd tab) > AV/Headphones > Headphones  
The headphones icon should then appear on the LCD screen
When you turn the camcorder off the port will return to the AV OUT setting and you will have to go in and adjust it again


Remote Control/ Zoom Controller
The Canon HFS series of cameras includes a LANC input option in which you can add a zoom controller. For the Zoom Controller to work the Wireless Remote Control setting must be turned to "ON". To turn on the wireless remote control you touch "FUNC" > MENU > Wrench Symbol (3rd tab) > Wireless Remote Control > ON


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